Which term describes blockage of arteries by lipids and other matter?

• A. Atherosclerosis
• B. Arteriosclerosis
• C. Thrombophlebitis
• D. Varicose veins

Answer: (A)

Blockage of arteries by lipids and other matter is called atherosclerosis. In this process, lipid-rich plaques develop in the inner lining of arteries, composed of cholesterol and other fats, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrous tissue. As these plaques grow, they narrow the arterial lumen and impede blood flow, which can lead to tissue ischemia. Plaques can also rupture, causing a blood clot to form that may further obstruct the vessel or travel elsewhere. This is distinct from arteriosclerosis, which is the general hardening and loss of elasticity of arteries, often with aging; thrombophlebitis, which is inflammation and clotting in a vein; and varicose veins, which are dilated superficial veins due to valve failure.