What are the layers of the peritoneum?

• A. Parietal layer (abdominal cavity), visceral layer (abdominal organs).
• B. Mucosal layer and submucosal layer.
• C. Superficial fascia and deep fascia.
• D. Endothelial and mesothelial layers.

Answer: (A)

The peritoneum is a continuous serous membrane that forms two layers: the parietal layer lining the abdominal and pelvic walls, and the visceral layer closely covering the surfaces of most abdominal organs. Between these layers is the peritoneal cavity, containing a small amount of lubricating fluid that allows smooth movement of organs. The parietal peritoneum is sensitive to pain and pressure and anchors the cavity, while the visceral peritoneum follows the contours of the organs themselves.

Other options mix in layers from different parts of anatomy: mucosa and submucosa are layers of the GI tract wall, not the peritoneum; superficial and deep fascia are connective tissue layers in the abdominal region; endothelial refers to lining of blood vessels, not a peritoneal layer (the peritoneum is made of mesothelium, not endothelium). So the correct description is the parietal and visceral layers.